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Such changes if observed in a large number of instances, according to Marx, show a sufficient degree of regularity to allow the formulation of general statements about their causes and consequences. Marx views society as inherently mutable, in which changes are produced largely by internal contradictions and conflicts. Marx’s views on human society and human nature:Ģ. It is this unique combination of scientific and revolutionary characters which is the hall mark of Marx’s original formulation. At the same time it also claims to contain within it a revolutionary programme of intervention into society. As a theory it provides a scientific and systematic research programme for empirical investigations. It is best understood as sociological theory of human progress. But it is not strictly speaking, a philosophy of history. Historical materialism is based upon a philosophy of human history. This eventually became a mature sociological conception of the making and development of human societies.

This was without recourse to what may be considered as metaphysical explanations clearly outlined in those early writings of Hegal and his followers. Marx’s theory sought to explain all social phenomena in terms of their place and function in the complex systems of society and nature.

We shall say that both of them used this theory, to quote Marx, as the “guiding thread” of all their works. Materialism simply means that it is matter or material reality, which is the basis for any change.Īccording to Friedrich Engels, the theory of historical materialism was discovered by Karl Marx, but Marx thought it was Engels who has conceived the materialist formulation of history independently. It is called Materialistic because Marx has interpreted the evolution of societies in terms of their material or economic bases. It is historical because Marx has traced the evolution of human societies from one stage to another. Marx’s theory of historical materialism is historical. His theory is that material conditions essentially comprise technological means of production and human society is formed by the forces and relations of production. Materialism is the basis of his sociological thought because for Marx material conditions or economic factors affect the structure and development of society. This paper then undertakes the study of the historical-material nature of the sign, grounding it in the dynamisms of social intercourse – and as a subordinate of social sign-systems, the sign is also grounded in the class-determined material relationships of the economic base and superstructure.Marx’s general ideas about society are known as his theory of historical materialism. de Saussure’s model of the sign and its subordinate theories of synchronicity and immateriality, and then opposing these with the theses presented by V. Engels regarding these three objects of ideological study. This thesis deals with the creation of a contribution to the dialectical materialist theory of the sign, signification, and the phenomenon of propaganda, derived from the theories of K.

This thesis is mainly interested in showing the dynamisms within the reactionary signification process in state propaganda institutions insofar as these institutions create false consciousness. With the intensification of class struggle in recent times comes the intensification of propaganda, and its aim is either to highlight the material contradictions that bring about the masses’ conditions of exploitation and oppression, or to suppress the emergent revolutionary ideologies wherein these conditions are shown.